William harvey



(No Model.)

. W. HARVEY. ARTIFICIAL HORN AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME.

No. 460,086. Patented Sept. 22, 1891 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VILLIAM HARVEY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAMHARVEY d:

(10., OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 460,086, datedSeptember 22, 1891.

Application filed May 18, 1891.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, IVILLIA M HARVEY, a citizen of the United States,residing at the cityof Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Artificial Horn and in the Method of Producing the Same, of which thefollowing is a specification.

It is well known that the horn of the 0X, buffalo, sheep, goat, andother animals consists of a central portion, an intermediate portion,and an external portion nested and formed together. Moreover, each ofthese portions comprises an opaque body having irregular streaks, finevariegated hues, and mottled or irregular spots, and when the horn iscut and polished it presents a decidedly characteristic marbled,clouded, or watered appearance, having the lines of color radiating fromthe top or point of the horn.

Heretofore various articles-for example, handles and ferrules forumbrellas, canes, and the like, mouth-pieces for pipes, buttons, andother articles-have been made from the horns of animals. However, thesehorn articles are Very expensive both on account of the excessive firstcost of the horn, the same being principally brought from South Africa,and 011 account of the labor required to manipulate the same to form therequired articles therefrom.

In the production of small articles, as buttons, the horns of animalsmentioned are usually softened by steeping in water, then cutting orworking by placing in a chuck to assume the required forms and also todevelop the edge grain thereof, and then polishing for use. One of theprincipal objections, however, that has been met with in the adaptationof horn for use as the hooked handles of umbrella-sticks has been thedifficulty expe rienced in securing horn long enough and sufficientlysolid for the purpose, and even when it has been possible to obtain suchcharacter of horn the excessive first cost thereof and the amount oflabor and time involved in the formation of the required articlestherefrom have in many cases prohibited its use for such purposes.

The principal objects of mypresent invention are, first, to provideartificial horn havin g Serial No. 393,105. (No model.)

the characteristic structure and marbled, clouded, or watered appearanceof natural horn and of any required size or dimension; second, tofurnish an inexpensive substitute for natural horn especially adaptedfor all the uses for which the heretofore expensive anim al-horn hasbeen employed, and, third, to provide a simple, inexpensive, andexpeditious method of preparing such artificial horn as a substitute forthe natural horn and its many uses.

My invention consists of an artificial horn comprising laminated andnested sheets of celluloid, pyroxyline, zyionite, or other some whatanalogous plastic material or materials having party-colored orvariegated and lined layers or strata, whereby the characteristicstructure and color effect of natural horn are produced therein andthereon.

My invention further consists of artificialhorn articles made from conesformed or composed of lined sheets of celluloid, pyroxyline,

zylonite, or somewhat analogous material or materials havingparty-colored or variegated layers or strata and the sheets nested andlaminated, with the lines and colored portions of the respective sheetsin alignment with and overlapping each other in the rod, bar, or

other figure formed of the cones in order that the spots of color andlines of union of the sheets appear disposed around the center, orthereabout, of the material or materials, as in natural horn.

My invention further comprises the method of producing artificial-hornarticles, which consists in coloring sheets of celluloid, pyroxyline,zylonite, or other somewhat analogous material or materials in layers orstrata, then forming the same into conical-shaped figures or forms whilein a semi-plastic state or condition, and then nesting or laminating anduniting said figures or forms to form a solid rod, body, orconfiguration for various purposes.

My invention further comprises the method of producing artificial-hornarticles, which consists in coloring sheets of celluloid, pyroxyline,zylonite, or other somewhat analogous material or materials in layers orstrata, forming the same into figures or forms, then nesting orlaminating and uniting the figures or forms to form a solid rod, bar,body, or configuration, and then manipulating and polishing thelaminated rod, bar, body, or configuration to form the required articlesfor the different uses; and my invention further consists in theimprovements hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be morefully understood from the following description, taken in connectionwith the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and in which-.-

Figure 1 is a top or plan view of a sheet of celluloid, zylonite,pyroxyline, or other somewhat analogous material colored, spotted, andlined or striped and adapted to be worked into the required form. Fig. 2is a similar Viewof a triangular-shaped piece of a sheet of celluloid,zylonite, pyroxyline, or other somewhat analogous material colored,spotted, and lined or striped and adapted to be worked so as to assume aconical form for use according to my invention. Fig. 3 is a perspectiveview of several cones of uniform sizes and respectively colored andlined and nested together or laminated and united so as to constitute anintegral rod or other figure closely imitating or resembling naturalhorn. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view comprising several conesrespectively colored and lined and united together and laminated so asto present the appearance and structure of natural horn. Fig. 5 is aView in elevation of arod composed of a series of laminated and nestedor united cones suitably turned off at the points of union of one conewith the other and forming a rod according to my invention, and showingalso how the rod thus formed is cut obliquely in order to form a hookedhandle for an umbrella-stick therefrom. Fig. 6 is a view in elevation,showing a rod made according to my invention and cut obliquely in orderto show the internal grain or nerve tissues in imitation of naturalhorn; and Fig. 7 is a similar View showing the hooked handle of theumbrella-stick formed by bending and shaping the obliquely out bar orrod illustratedin Fig. 5 or 6.

In carrying myinvention into effect, a sheet of celluloid, zylonite,pyroxyline, or other somewhat analogous plastic material or materialshaving layers or strata of spots and colors and lines, as brown, gray,light smoke, ivory-white, olive, green, dark smoke, transparent,semi-transparent, or other colors adapted to produce the required coloror spotted effects as existing in natural horn, is cut up by means ofadie or other suitable appliance into a triangular or other somewhatsimilar shaped sheet adapted to be formed while slightly heated aroundor over a suitable core into hollow cones adapted to be combined so asto form .a solid rod, body, or other required figure. These lined andcolored or laminated cones are then nested together and secured in placeby means of cellulose or other suitable cementing substance in anypreferred manner, so as to constitute a solid laminated body closelyresembling natural horn both in structure and in color effect.

Articles produced in the above-described manner as compared witharticles of natural horn are far less expensive and can be readilyproduced of any required length and present the same attractive colorand structural effect as does natural horn as now treated andtransformed to adapt the same for the different uses in the arts.

A description of my invention will now be given with referenceespecially in that connection to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. A sheet ofcelluloid, zylonite, pyroxyline, or other somewhat analogous material ormaterials having layers or strata of lines (1, spots 5, and bands 0, ofsuitable colors for producing the color eifect of natural hornforexample, brown spots or lines, light smoke, ivory-white, darksmokebands, and black, dark-brown, olive, green, gray, transparent orsemi-transparent lines-is cut up by means of dies into triangular sheetsA and then bent around or over a core or other suitable appliance into ahollow and conical-formed figure B. It may be remarked that each of thesheets A may be of any required size or dimension, and any preferrednumber of the hollow conical-shaped figures may be nested and unitedwith one another. In the presentinstance eight of the hollowconical-shaped figures B, B, and B are nested together or laminated andattached or secured together by means of an adhesive substance orcement, so as to form a solid integral conical figure. At the respectiveouter points of union of the series of cones B, B, and B with oneanother the projecting edges by a gentle rolling operation are turnedoff in such manner as to form one solid integral rod or bar, such asshown in Figs. 5 and 6. In this operation care should be exercised notin any way to destroy the color, line, or spotted parts or portions ofthe united conical figure or body in imitation of the grain or nervetissues of the natural horn. Furthermore, in the union of the respectiveconicalshaped figures with one another care must be exercised to placethe spots 6 of one conicalshaped figure in proper alignment with thecorresponding spots on the other conicalshaped figure in order that inthe finished article the spots will appear disposed around about thecenter and extend therefrom in the tip or internal portion of thestructure, whereby a most desirable variety of radiating colors andlines in imitation of the grain or nerve tissues of natural horn willexist therein.

In order that my invention may be still further understood a descriptionwill now be given of the method of making an artificial horn-hookedhandle for an umbrella-stick, and in this connection reference is madeespecially to Figs. 5, 6, and 7, in which D is a rod or bar cutobliquely at d, as shown in Fig. 5. This bar is made up of a series ofconical-shaped figures B B B &c., formed from sheets of celluloid,pyroxyline,zylonite, or other somewhat analogous plastic material ormaterials having layers or strata colored with fine lines, spots, andbands of dark brown, dark green,light or dark smoke, olive, green, gray,ivory-white, transparent or semitransparent, or other preferred colorsadapted to produce the color effect of natural horn in the finishedarticle or to expose to view in the oblique portions of the rods thecharacteristic marbled, watered, or clouded efiect corresponding withthe grain or nerve tissues existing in natural horn. The rod or bar D,being cut obliquely, as shown in Fig. 5 or 6, is then bent in anypreferred manner, so as to assume the hooked form shown in Fig.7, whenthe bar or rod thus treated is polished in any preferred manner for use.It may, however, be remarked that the polishing operation may beresorted to before the bar or rod D is caused to assume its curved orhooked form.

It will be manifestly obvious to those at all skilled in the art towhich the present invention most nearly appertains that modificationsmay be made thereinfor example, in the colors used or in the steps ofthe method of working the artificial horn to produce articles for thevarious purposes without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Having thus'described the nature and ob jects of the invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. As a new article of manufacture, artificial horn consisting of conesformed into different configurations and composed of united or nested,laminated, and party-colored, Variegated, and lined sheets of plasticmaterial or materials, such as celluloid, pyroxyline, or zylonite,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. As a new article of manufacture, artificial horn comprising linedsheets of celluloid, pyroxyline, or zylonite having party-colored orvariegated layers or strata formed into cones nested, laminated, andunited together to constitute bars, rods, or other configurations withthe lines and colored portions of the respective sheets of the unitedconesin alignment with and overlapping each other in the structure,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. The method of producing artificial horn, which consists in coloringsheets of plastic material, such as celluloid, pyroxyline, zylonite, oranalogous material or materials in layers or strata, then cutting thesheets into triangular-shaped pieces or forms, then causing themto'assume a conical shape around or over a core or other appliance andnesting and uniting them, and then rolling and turning off theprojecting edges of the series of nested and united cones to constitutea solid laminated mass, rod, body, or configuration, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

4. The method of producing artificial horn, which consists in coloringsheets of celluloid, pyroxyline, oranalogous material or materials, thencutting said sheets into conical figures or forms, then nestingorlaminating and cementing the conical figures or forms together, thengently rolling the edges of the united conical figures or forms, andthen manipulating and polishing the laminated and nested or united rod,body,or mass to form the same into articles, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM HARVEY.

Witnesses:

IIERMANN BORMANN, RICHARD O. MAXWELL.

